In aviation, what is the purpose of adding ballast to an aircraft?

The purpose of adding ballast to an aircraft is fundamentally related to ensuring proper balance. Aircraft balance is crucial for maintaining stability during flight; it affects the aircraft's center of gravity, which in turn influences how well the aircraft can maneuver and respond to control inputs. If an aircraft is improperly balanced, it can lead to handling difficulties, an increased workload for the pilots, and potentially hazardous flying conditions. By strategically placing ballast, operators can achieve optimal weight distribution which helps in maintaining the designated center of gravity within specific limits.

While enhancing passenger comfort, improving flight speeds, and increasing fuel efficiency are important aspects of aircraft operation and design, those objectives are not the primary reasons for adding ballast. Instead, the focus is on achieving an optimal balance to maintain safe and effective flight operations.